When a passenger complains of ear discomfort, what is the first action recommended?

When a passenger experiences ear discomfort, particularly during changes in altitude, the most effective initial action is to have them chew, swallow, or yawn. This action helps to equalize the pressure within the middle ear and alleviate discomfort caused by pressure differences. Chewing and swallowing activate muscles that open the Eustachian tubes, allowing air to flow into the middle ear, which can relieve the sensation of fullness or pain in the ears.

This approach is particularly helpful during takeoff and landing, when rapid changes in cabin pressure occur. Encouraging natural reflexes like yawning can also promote the opening of the Eustachian tubes, enhancing comfort significantly during these pressure changes.